Abstract INTRODUCTION: To analyze the trend of prostate cancer mortality in the Brazilian population of 40 years of age and above. METHODS: Time series ecological study of the mortality rates due to prostate cancer in men of 40 years of age and above, using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 (GBD). Age-standardized mortality rates were calculated, as well as the age-standardized rates by the GBD for the global population, per 100,000 inhabitants, for Brazil and its States, from 1990 to 2019. The annual average percent change (AAPC) was calculated to identify the mortality trends in Brazil, through linear regression using the Joinpoint Regression Program. RESULTS: The standardized rates of prostate cancer mortality in Brazil were 76.89 in 1990 and 74.96 deaths for every 100 thousand men ≥ 40 years of age in 2019, with a stability trend. By age group, it was observed a decreasing trend up to 79 years of age, and an increasing trend as of 80 years of age. The state of Bahia showed the highest increase in mortality in the period (1.2%/year), followed by Maranhão and Pernambuco (1.0 and 0.9%/year). A decrease of prostate cancer mortality was found in the Federal District, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, and Sergipe. CONCLUSIONS: In Brazil, the standardized mortality rates show a trend toward stability from 1990 to 2019 and no pattern was observed for the trends according to the Brazilian States.

OBJETIVO: Analisar os resultados de dois modos de tratar a fibrilação atrial (FA): com cirurgia do Labirinto e com Isolamento de Veias Pulmonares (IVP), comparando com grupo controle, para estabelecer o melhor tratamento aos portadores desta arritmia. MÉTODO:Todos os pacientes tinham indicação cirúrgica por outra lesão cardíaca, concomitantemente tratada. Foram randomizados 51 pacientes no período de julho de 1999 a setembro de 2003. Em nenhum paciente foi utilizada crioablação. Analisamos inicialmente as seguintes variáveis: tempo de circulação extracorpórea (CEC), pinçamento aórtico (ISQ), taxa de reversão a ritmo sinusal na alta hospitalar, e complicações do trans e pós-operatório imediato. RESULTADOS: Houve dois óbitos intra-hospitalares, um no grupo Labirinto e um no grupo IVP. O grupo Labirinto apresentou o maior tempo de CEC (p<0,001). Seguimento médio de 28,4±14,1 meses, sem diferença entre os grupos. O grupo IVP teve a maior taxa de sucesso com 84,2% de reversão a ritmo sinusal na alta e 88,9% após seguimento. No grupo Labirinto, 78,5% de ritmo sinusal à alta, e após seguimento, 84,6%. No grupo controle, 87,5% dos pacientes tiveram alta em FA, e após seguimento 56,3% seguem assim. A classe funcional pela NYHA não foi diferente entre os grupos após o seguimento (p=0,56), e os pacientes do grupo controle apresentaram mais complicações (p=0,017). CONCLUSÃO: Estes resultados mostram que qualquer das técnicas empregadas para correção de FA, Labirinto ou IVP, apresenta vantagens sobre a operação tradicional de simples correção de cardiopatias quando associadas à FA.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of techniques in the treatment of atrial fibrillation: the Maze procedure and Isolation of Pulmonary Veins were compared together with Control group, to establish the best treatment for this arrhythmia. METHOD: All patients were referred for surgery due for other cardiac lesions, which were treated concurrently. From July 1999 to September 2003, fifty-one patients where randomly allocated to the different groups. No cryoablation or other source of energy was used. The following variables were initially analyzed: total bypass time, aortic clamping time, sinus rhythm at discharge, and trans-operative and immediate post-operative complications. RESULTS: There were two intra-hospitalar deaths, one in the Maze group and one in the Isolation of Pulmonary Veins group. The Maze group had the longest bypass time (p<0,001). The duration of follow-up of 28.4 ±14 months was similar between the groups. The Isolation of Pulmonary Veins achieved the best results concerning reversion to sinus rhythm with 84.2% at hospital discharge and 88.9% after follow-up. In the Maze group, 78.5% of sinus rhythm was seen detected at discharge and 84.6% at the end of follow-up. In the Control group 87.5% of the patients have atrial fibrillation at discharge and after follow-up atrial fibrillation remained at 56.3% of the patients. There was no difference in the NYHA class between the groups after follow-up (p=0.56) and Control group patients had more complications (p=0.017). CONCLUSION: These results show that both techniques, the Maze and Isolation of Pulmonary Veins, have advantages over simple correction of cardiac lesions when associated to atrial fibrillation.

Background: Atrial fibrillation is associated to a high risk of systemic embolism and to hypercoagulability. Aim: To evaluate the activation of the coagulation cascade through determinations of the thrombin-antithrombin complex in patients with atrial fibrillation and to correlate this data with the clinical and echocardiographic risk factors for systemic embolism. Patients and Methods: In 53 patients with atrial fibrillation plasma levels of the thrombin-antithrombin complex were determined on admission to a coronary care unit and 30 days later. Using a univariate and multiple regression analysis, the association basal thrombin-antithrombin with the duration of the arrhythmia, age over 70 years, previous use of antiplatelet agents, history of hypertension, mitral valve disease, diabetes, heart failure, previous systemic embolism, left atrial diameter and the presence of spontaneous contrast echo or thrombus in the left atrial appendage, was studied. Results: Basal thrombin-antithrombin values were 40.1±69 mg/L (Median 8.34 [3.0-47.5]) compared to 2.7±3.3 mg/L in healthy controls (p <0.001). No significant correlation was found between activation of the coagulation cascade and risk factors for systemic embolism. There were no significant differences in thrombin-antithrombin values between patients with chronic or paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (29.5±43 mg/L and 49.4±83 mg/L respectively). Mean thrombin-antithrombin values in patients under antiplatelet agents were lower than in those without treatment (17.3±43 vs 66.8±127 mg/L; p=0.018). Conclusions: The activation of the coagulation cascade in patients with atrial fibrillation was confirmed. However, no association of this activation with well known clinical and echocardiographic risk factors for systemic embolism, was found. Previous antiplatelet treatment prevented a higher activation of the coagulation cascade (Rev Méd Chile 2002; 130: 1087-94)

Os estudos publicados quanto aos exames pré-operatórios mostram-se controversos e poucos abordam os riscos especificamente em cirurgias de cabeça e pescoço. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar fatores de risco em cirurgia de cabeça e pescoço para, a partir destes, estabelecer uma rotina pré-operatória racionalizada que permita identificar o grupo de pacientes mais afetados e diminuir as taxas de complicação e mortalidade. Foram avaliados em 17 meses, 382 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de cabeça e pescoço por neoplasias benignas ou malignas. Os fatores avaliados no estudo foram: a idade, tratamento prévio à cirurgia, o estado geral, os riscos anestésico, cardíaco e pulmonar, o potencial de contaminação, o porte e o caráter da cirurgia em relação às taxas de complicação e mortalidade. Após a análise estatística foi realizada regressão logística até se obter uma fórmula numérica, na qual se incluíram os fatores mais significativos. Encontramos em nosso serviço uma taxa de morbidade de 27,2% e uma mortalidade de 3,9%. As principais complicações foram infecção pulmonar e infecção da ferida operatória. Através dos resultados observamos que os fatores estado geral, porte e caráter da cirurgia foram significativos quanto à morbidade. Quanto à mortalidade foram significativos a idade, o estado geral e o porte cirúrgico. Isto nos permite uma abordagem pré-operatória, atuando especificamente sobre estes fatores ou suas implicações com a intenção de diminuir as taxas de morbidade e mortalidade.

The published studies about the pre-surgery examinations show themselves in controversy, and only a few of the studies mention the risks of head and neck surgery. The objective of this report was to identify the risk factors on head and neck surgeries, and after that establish a rationalized pre-operative routine that allows us to identify the most and the least affect group ofpatients. In the period of17 months, 382 patients were submitted to head and neck surgery because ofmalign and benign neoplasms. The evaluatedfactors were: the age, the previous treatment to surgery, the general aspect, the cardiac, the pulmonary and anaesthetic risk, the potential of contamination, the port and the character of the surgery related to the complication and mortality rufes. After the statistical analysis a logistical regression was realized to obtain the numeric formula, in which was included the most significantfasctors. We havefounded in our service, a morbidity rale of27,2% and a mortality rufe of 3,9%. The Mo main complications were: pulmonary infection and infection ofthe operative wound. We could observe through the results that the general aspect, the surgical port and character were significant in relation to the morbidity. In relation to the mortality the age, the general aspect and the surgical port were significant. This conclusion allows us to obtain a pro-surgical approach. that will act specifically on the factors or implications, with the intention of decreasing the mortality and morbidity rates.